Residents are required to participate in scholarly activities. Residents attend and participate in journal club, which emphasizes how to critically review current research and utilize the concepts of evidence-based medicine. During the first or second year, residents are required to present a case and scholarly topic at one of the department case conferences. During the third year, residents attend a formal seminar on research concepts. This seminar presents the basics of research, starting with how to formulate a research question, study design and methodology, basic statistical methods. The course emphasizes epidemiology and risk factor research, clinical trials research for psychopharmacology and other treatment interventions and clinical services research. Residents are required to present a scholarly project at department grand rounds once during the third or fourth years.